Postoperative analgesic efficacy of nefopam after anorectal surgery: a retrospective observational study

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of nefopam on postoperative pain control after anorectal surgeries. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent anorectal surgeries from January 2019 to March 2022 at two medical centers. The data were divided into nefopam and conventional groups. The primary outcome was the number of patients who requested additional opioids in the 24-h postoperative period. The secondary outcomes were numeric rating pain scores (NRPS) within a 24-h postoperative period and analgesic drugs-related side effects. Results: Eighty-seven patients in the conventional group and 60 in the nefopam group were recruited. The nefopam group reported less additional opioid consumption than the conventional group in all dimensions of analysis, including overall, adjusted to anesthetic techniques and types of surgery. However, these did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.093). Only patients in the nefopam group who underwent hemorrhoidectomy under TIVA or spinal anesthesia significantly required fewer additional opioids (P = 0.016, 60% mean difference). Similarly, the 24-h postoperative morphine consumption was lower in the nefopam group (mean difference = -3.4, 95%CI: 0.72,6.08). Furthermore, significantly lower NRPS were reported in the nefopam group during the 12-18 h postoperative period (P = 0.009). On the other hand, analgesic drugs related side effects were similar in both groups. Conclusions: The administration of nefopam after major anorectal surgery is beneficially evident in reducing postoperative opioid requirements. (AU)

Profile of Crohn's disease patients who underwent anorectal examination under anesthesia

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease, and in ~ 30% of cases it is associated with perianalmanifestations. To identify the extent of the damage and to implement an appropriate treatment, anorectal examination under anesthesia (EUA) is fundamental. Objective: To describe the profile of patients who underwent anorectal EUA in university and private hospitals in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive study with 46 patients who underwent anorectal EUA between March, 2016 and November, 2019. Results: A total of 62 anorectal EUAs were performed in 46 patients. With an average age of 36.8 years, the female gender was predominant (52.2%) among these patients. Anal fistulas were the most frequent findings (83.8%), and in most cases they were treated with a seton placement (69.4%). The main recommended surgical indication was a proper evaluation and identification of perianal disease, followed by drainage of the abscess and therefore immunobiological therapy (59.6%). Conclusion: In the present study, the profile of CD patients was similar to those found in the literature, with a high rate of complex anal fistulas. Additional studies are still necessary to further comprehend and treat this particular and debilitating manifestation of the disease. (AU)

Quantification of mitral regurgitation using proximal isovelocity surface area method in dogs

The present study was performed to determine the accuracy and reproducibility of calculating the mitral regurgitant orifice area with the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method in dogs with experimental mitral regurgitation and in canine patients with chronic mitral insufficiency and to evaluate the effect of general anesthesia on mitral regurgitation. Eight adult, Beagle dogs for experimental mitral regurgitation and 11 small breed dogs with spontaneous mitral regurgitation were used. In 8 Beagle dogs, mild mitral regurgitation was created by disrupting mitral chordae or leaflets. Effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) area was measured by the PISA method and compared with the measurements simultaneously obtained by quantitative Doppler echocardiography 4 weeks after creation of mitral regurgitation. The same procedure was performed in 11 patients with isolated mitral regurgitation and in 8 Beagle dogs under two different protocols of general anesthesia. ERO and regurgitant stroke volume (RSV) by the PISA method correlated well with values by the quantitative Doppler technique with a small error in experimental dogs (r = 0.914 and r = 0.839) and 11 patients (r = 0.990 and r = 0.996). The isoflurane anesthetic echocardiography demonstrated a significant decrease of RSV, and there was no significant change in fractional shortening (FS), ERO area, LV end-diastolic and LV end-systolic volume. ERO area showed increasing tendency after ketamine-xylazine administration, but not statistically significant. RSV, LV end-systolic and LV end-diastolic volume increased significantly (p < 0.01), whereas FS significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The PISA method is accurate and reproducible in experimental mitral regurgitation model and in a clinical setting. ERO area is considered and preferred as a hemodynamic-nondependent factor than other traditional measurements.

Biopsia prostática guiada por ecosonograma transrectal: tolerancia con instilación de lidocaína / Biopsy prostática guided by ecosonograma transrectal: tolerance with lidocaína instilación

Evaluar si hay mejoría del grado de dolor provocado por la biopsia prostática (BP) guiada mediante ecosonogranma transrectal utilizando lidocaína instilada transrectal. Estudio prospectivo, randomizado (randomización 2 a 1), doble ciego y controlado, donde se instiló 40 cc de lidocaína viscosa al 2 por ciento o gel lubricante previo a la BP en pacientes con sospecha de cáncer por tacto rectal anormal o PSA por encima de 2,5 ng/ml. Se utilizó la escala visual análoga del dolor (EVAD) de 11 puntos y se interrogó al paciente si se sometería nuevamente al procedimiento sin anestesia o con ella. Ciento sesenta pacientes aptos para el análisis: ciento seis con lidocaína y 54 con gel. El promedio de biopsias realizadas por paciente fue de 13,61. Los grupos no diferían en cuanto a la edad, IPSS previo, volumen prostático, PSA ni número de biopsias realizadas. Los que recibieron lidocaína tuvieron valores promedio de EVAD de 4,44 ± 2,61 mientras que en los que recibieron placebo fue de 5,35 ± 2,54 (p<0,05). Los pacientes menores de 60 años presentaron más dolor; igual que los que tenían síntomas prostáticos moderados y severos. El aumento en el número de punciones no afectó adversamente el grado de dolor. El 79 por ciento de los pacientes (en ambos grupos) aceptaría repetirse la BP del mismo modo en que se le practicó, y un 11 por ciento adicional (también en ambos grupos) permitiría realizarla nuevamente con algún anestésico. La instatalción transrectal de lidocaína viscosa disminuye el dolor producido por la BP guiada por ecosonograma transrectal. Los pacientes menores de 60 años y aquellos con índices de IPSS de 8 o más son más propensos a tener valores de EVAD por la BP más elevados, sugiriendo que en estos pacientes se deben utilizar medidas adicionales (analgesia oral, parenteral o sedación)

Baixas doses de morfina e fentanil por via subaracnóidea associadas a diclofenaco por via retal para controle da dor pós-operatória em cesarianas / Low doses of subarachnoid morphine and fentanyl combined with rectal diclofenac for postoperative pain control after cesarean delivery

Justificativa e objetivos: este estudo avaliou a eficácia e os efeitos colaterais da combinaçäo de baixas doses de morfina subaracnóidea (10 e 25µg) e diclofenato retal e também as vantagens e desvantagens da adiçäo de 10µg de fentanil subaracnóideo à técnica. Método: cem pacientes submetidas à raquianestesia para cesariana foram alocadas em quatro grupos de 25, os quais receberam, junto com 12,5mg de bupivacaína 0,5 por cento hiperbárica, os seguintes tratamentos: grupo M25, 25µg e morfina; grupo M10, 10µg de morfina; grupo M25+F10, 25µg de morfina e 10µg de fentanil; grupo M10+F10 10µg de morfina e 10µg de fentanil. Todos os grupos receberam 50mg de diclofenaco via retal a cada 6 horas no primeiro dia pós-operatório, iniciando-se sua administraçäo no final da cirurgia. Níveis de dor e efeitos colaterais foram avaliados de hora em hora nas primeiras 6 horas e posteriormente a cada 3 horas nas primeiras 24 horas. Resultados: o número de pacientes que referiram ausência de dor foi maior no grupo M25 quando comparado com os grupos M10 e M10+F10. O número de pacientes que solicitaram analgésico suplementar foi maior no grupo M10, quando comparado com os grupos M25 e M10+F10. A incidência de prurido leve, näo tratado, foi menor no grupo M10, quando comparado com os grupos M25 e M10+F10. Prurido tratado foi mais frequente no grupo M25, quando comparado com os grupos M10 e M10+F10. Conclusöes: a dose de 25µg de morfina subaracnóidea é mais eletiva que a dose de 10µg no controle da dor pós-operatória em cesarianas, quando combinada com diclofenaco por via retal. A adiçäo de fentanil a ambas as doses de morfina näo oferece vantagens clínicas

Cirurgias anais ambulatoriais sob anestesia local / Anal surgery under local anesthesia in out-patients

Para avaliar a segurança da anestesia local, 134 pacientes foram submetidos a cirurgias anais, ambulatoriais. Os resultados encorajam a epóiam o uso mais freqüente desta alternativa

Sedación por vía rectal para procedimientos de diagnóstico en niños / Rectal anesthesia administration for diagnostic procedures in children

Veintisiete pacientes pediátricos ASA 2 y 3 fueron sometidos a un examen de TAC, para lo cual se realizó una sedación con Secobarbital por vía rectal a dosis de 5-7 mg/kg. Algunos pacientes requirieron dosis un poco mayores, pero en general en todos se pudo practicar el examen en buenas condiciones técnicas, sin haber tenido depresión cardiorrespiratoria ni otras complicaciones inherentes a la sedación. Se concluye que la sedación con barbitúricos por vía rectal es una buena alternativa para realizar procedimientos de diagnósticos en niños

Anestesia local en procedimientos ano rectales / Local anesthesia in anorectal surgery

Se trata de un estudio prospectivo de 62 pacientes con patología ano rectal, en los cuales se utilizó anestesia local, Lidocaína al 5% con una solución de Epinefrina al 1 x 200.000 y 1-2 cc de Hialuronidasa. Estudiamos la analgesia y relajación, las molestias producidas por el procedimiento anestésico y su tolerancia en el enfermo